How does Java handle generics?

Generics in Java provide a way to create classes, interfaces, and methods that operate on objects of specified types, allowing for type-safe programming. This enables developers to write more adaptable and flexible code that can work with different data types without compromising type safety.

Benefits of Generics in Java

Java generics offer several benefits, such as increased type safety, code reusability, and improved readability. By using generics, errors can be caught at compile time rather than at runtime, leading to more robust and reliable code.

Wildcard Types and Bounded Type Parameters

Wildcard types and bounded type parameters in generics allow for greater flexibility in defining classes and methods. Wildcard types, denoted by the "?" symbol, can represent an unknown type, while bounded type parameters constrain the types that can be used with a generic class or method.

Generics in Collections and Classes

Java's collections framework extensively uses generics to provide type-safe data structures such as lists, sets, and maps. By using generics, developers can ensure that the elements stored in a collection are of a specific type, thereby reducing the risk of runtime errors.

In addition to collections, generic classes can be defined to create reusable components that work with different data types. Type inference and polymorphism further enhance the flexibility and power of generics in Java programming.