The scientific consensus on climate change is that it is happening and is caused primarily by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and other activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This consensus is supported by a vast body of scientific evidence. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report found that it is ‘extremely likely’ that human activities are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. Furthermore, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services found that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century for biodiversity and human well-being.