What is the role of gene duplication in evolution?

Gene duplication plays a crucial role in evolution by providing genetic material for new functionalities, enhancing genetic diversity, and increasing the likelihood of favorable mutations. When a gene is duplicated, the copy can undergo mutations without compromising the function of the original gene. This process allows for the evolution of new traits and functions, leading to genetic evolution.

Enhancing genetic diversity

Gene duplication increases genetic diversity within a population by creating new copies of genes that can evolve independently. This increased genetic variation facilitates adaptive evolution, where populations can better respond to environmental changes and pressures.

Facilitating favorable mutations

Having duplicate genes can increase the chances of beneficial mutations occurring in one of the copies. If a mutation in one copy results in a new advantageous trait, it can be selected for and spread through the population, contributing to evolutionary processes.

Overall, gene duplication is a fundamental mechanism in evolutionary biology, driving the generation of new genetic material, promoting genetic variation, and enabling the adaptation of organisms to changing environments.