What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

The Central Dogma of molecular biology is a fundamental concept that explains the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It outlines the processes of transcription and translation that are essential for the expression of genetic material.

Central Dogma

In the Central Dogma, genetic information is first stored in the form of DNA in the cell's nucleus. This DNA is then transcribed into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. The resulting messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cell's cytoplasm.

At the ribosomes, the mRNA is translated into proteins through the process of translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled according to the instructions encoded in the mRNA. This protein synthesis is crucial for the cell to carry out its functions.

Implications for Cells and Diseases

The Central Dogma is essential for understanding how cells function and how genetic mutations can lead to diseases. Errors in the transcription or translation processes can result in abnormal proteins being produced, which can disrupt cell function and contribute to various genetic disorders.