What are the main methods for detecting exoplanets?

Exoplanets, planets outside our solar system, are detected using several methods by astronomers to study their properties and understand the diversity of planetary systems in the universe. The main methods for detecting exoplanets include:

1. Transit Photometry:

This method involves observing the light curve of a star to detect periodic dimming caused by an exoplanet passing in front of it. By measuring the decrease in brightness, astronomers can infer the presence, size, and orbital properties of the exoplanet.

2. Radial Velocity:

Radial velocity method detects exoplanets by measuring the wobble of a star caused by the gravitational pull of an orbiting planet. This method allows astronomers to determine the mass and orbit of the exoplanet based on how much the star moves towards or away from Earth.

3. Direct Imaging:

This method involves capturing images of exoplanets by blocking out the light of their parent star. Direct imaging is challenging due to the brightness contrast between the star and the planet, but it provides valuable information about the exoplanet's atmosphere and composition.

4. Gravitational Microlensing:

Gravitational microlensing occurs when the gravitational field of a foreground star bends and amplifies the light of a background star, revealing the presence of any accompanying exoplanets. This method is sensitive to planets at large distances from Earth and can detect planets that are otherwise difficult to observe.

By utilizing these detection methods, astronomers continue to discover and study exoplanets, expanding our understanding of planetary systems and the potential for habitable worlds beyond our solar system.