Types of Metamorphism

Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo changes in mineralogical composition or texture due to changes in temperature, pressure, and/or the presence of chemically active fluids. There are several types of metamorphism, each with its own distinct characteristics.

Contact Metamorphism

Contact metamorphism occurs when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures due to the intrusion of molten rock (magma) into the surrounding rocks. This type of metamorphism is localized around the igneous intrusion, leading to changes in the affected rocks.

Regional Metamorphism

Regional metamorphism occurs over large areas and is associated with tectonic processes such as mountain-building. Rocks undergo changes in response to increased temperature and pressure over a broad region, leading to the formation of metamorphic zones with distinct mineral assemblages.

Dynamic Metamorphism

Dynamic metamorphism occurs along fault zones where rocks are subjected to extreme pressure and shearing forces. This type of metamorphism results in the development of foliation and mylonite textures in rocks.

Burial Metamorphism

Burial metamorphism occurs when rocks are buried to great depths within the Earth's crust, leading to changes in mineralogy and texture due to the effects of increased temperature and pressure.

Each type of metamorphism has distinct processes and effects on rocks, ultimately leading to the formation of various metamorphic rocks with unique characteristics and properties.