Types of Cognitive Biases

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Here are some common types of cognitive biases:

Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information that confirms or supports one's prior personal beliefs or values. This bias can lead to selective exposure to information, reinforcing existing beliefs and ignoring contradictory evidence.

Availability Bias

Availability bias refers to the tendency to overestimate the importance of information readily available. This bias can lead individuals to give more weight to recent or memorable events, rather than considering a full range of data when making decisions.

Anchoring Bias

Anchoring bias occurs when individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive when making decisions. This initial information, even if irrelevant, can anchor subsequent judgments and lead to skewed decision-making.

Awareness of these cognitive biases is crucial for improving critical thinking skills and decision-making abilities. By recognizing these biases, individuals can strive for more rational and objective judgments, ultimately leading to better outcomes in various aspects of life.