What are the different methods for finding exoplanets?

Exoplanets, planets located outside our solar system, have been intriguing scientists and space enthusiasts for years. There are various techniques used in astronomical research to detect these distant worlds:

1. Radial Velocity:

This method involves observing the gravitational pull of an exoplanet on its parent star. This causes the star to wobble slightly, which can be detected through shifts in the star's spectral lines.

2. Transit Method:

When an exoplanet passes in front of its star from our viewpoint, it causes a slight decrease in the star's brightness. This technique is known as the transit method and has been highly successful in discovering numerous exoplanets.

3. Gravitational Microlensing:

Gravitational microlensing occurs when the gravitational field of a star or planet bends and magnifies the light from a more distant star. This method can reveal the presence of exoplanets around the foreground object.

4. Direct Imaging:

This technique involves capturing images of exoplanets directly. It is challenging due to the brightness of stars overshadowing the planets, making it necessary to use special instruments and techniques to block out the star's light.

Innovative methods and advanced technology continue to push the boundaries of exoplanet discovery, expanding our understanding of the vast universe beyond our solar system.