Discover the essential functions of glial cells, also known as neuroglia, in the nervous system and their vital roles in supporting and protecting neurons.
Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are a vital component of the nervous system, playing essential roles in supporting and protecting neurons. They are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Support: Glial cells provide structural support to neurons, holding them in place and assisting in their growth and development. They also help in regulating the extracellular environment.
Protection: Glial cells protect neurons by maintaining the blood-brain barrier, which controls the substances that can enter the brain. They also assist in removing pathogens and debris through phagocytosis, reducing inflammation in the nervous system.
Myelination: Glial cells, particularly oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS, form myelin sheaths around axons. This insulation allows for faster transmission of electrical signals along neurons.
Repair and immune response: Glial cells play a key role in repairing damaged nervous tissue and initiating immune responses in case of injury or infection.
Neurotrophic support: Glial cells produce neurotrophic factors that promote the growth, survival, and function of neurons.
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