What are exoplanets, and how are they detected?

Exoplanets, or extrasolar planets, are planets that orbit stars outside of our solar system. These distant worlds come in a variety of sizes and compositions, and their discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the universe.

Methods of detecting exoplanets

There are several methods that scientists use to detect exoplanets:

1. Transit method

This method involves measuring the slight dimming of a star's light as an exoplanet passes in front of it. This technique allows scientists to determine the size and orbit of the exoplanet.

2. Radial velocity method

By observing the wobble of a star caused by the gravitational pull of an orbiting exoplanet, scientists can infer the presence of the planet and estimate its mass.

3. Gravitational microlensing

In this method, the light from a distant star is bent and magnified by the gravity of a passing star with an exoplanet. This technique can detect planets even at great distances from Earth.

4. Direct imaging

Using advanced telescopes, scientists can directly capture images of exoplanets. This method allows for the study of the exoplanet's atmosphere and surface characteristics.

Through these innovative methods of detection and observation, scientists continue to expand our knowledge of exoplanets and explore the countless worlds beyond our solar system.