How does radiation therapy target cancer cells?

Radiation therapy is a crucial component of cancer treatment that targets and destroys cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. This form of treatment uses high-energy particles or waves, such as x-rays, gamma rays, or protons, to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA, making it impossible for them to multiply. Radiation therapy can be delivered externally or internally, depending on the type and location of the cancer.

Radiation therapy mechanisms

One of the key mechanisms of radiation therapy is to cause irreparable damage to the DNA of cancer cells. This damage prevents the cells from dividing and growing, ultimately leading to their death. Compared to healthy cells, cancer cells are generally more sensitive to the effects of radiation due to their rapid and uncontrolled growth.

Radiation therapy techniques

Modern radiation therapy techniques, such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT), allow for more precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. By delivering high doses of radiation directly to the tumor, these techniques minimize the risk of damage to nearby organs and tissues.

Radiation therapy benefits

Some of the benefits of radiation therapy include localized treatment, minimal invasiveness, and the ability to be used in combination with other cancer treatment options, such as surgery and chemotherapy. These advantages make radiation therapy a valuable tool in the fight against cancer.

While radiation therapy is an effective treatment for many types of cancer, it can also have side effects, such as fatigue, skin irritation, and damage to healthy cells near the treatment area. However, ongoing advancements in radiation therapy technology and techniques continue to improve precision, reduce side effects, and enhance outcomes for cancer patients.