How does radiation therapy differ from chemotherapy?

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are two common treatments for cancer, but they work in different ways to target cancer cells and have distinct effects on the body.

Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. This form of treatment is localized, meaning it targets specific areas where cancer is present. It can be delivered externally (from outside the body) or internally (inserting radioactive materials into the body near cancer cells).

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy, on the other hand, involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. These drugs can be administered orally or intravenously and travel through the bloodstream to attack cancer cells wherever they may be.

Effects on the Body:

While both radiation therapy and chemotherapy are effective in treating cancer, they have different side effects. Radiation therapy may cause skin irritation, fatigue, and damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Chemotherapy can lead to hair loss, nausea, weakened immune system, and other systemic side effects due to the drugs circulating throughout the body.

Overall, the choice between radiation therapy and chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and the individual's overall health. Sometimes, these treatments are used together to maximize their effectiveness in fighting cancer.