How do scientists determine the composition of distant stars?

Scientists determine the composition of distant stars using a technique called spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. This method allows scientists to analyze the light emitted by stars and break it down into its component colors or wavelengths.

Composition of stars

By analyzing the spectral lines present in the light emitted by stars, scientists can determine the chemical elements that make up the star. Each element produces a unique set of spectral lines, allowing scientists to identify the presence of elements such as hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and iron in distant stars.

Using spectroscopy

Scientists use spectroscopy to analyze the absorption and emission lines in the star's light. Absorption lines indicate the elements present in the star's atmosphere, while emission lines reveal the elements being actively produced in the star's core through nuclear fusion.

Advancements in astrophysics

Through spectroscopic analysis of distant stars, scientists have made significant advancements in our understanding of stellar composition and the processes that occur within stars. This information not only contributes to our knowledge of the universe but also helps in studying the evolution of stars and the formation of galaxies.