Monte Carlo methods are a type of numerical technique used to solve complex problems with repeated random sampling. Monte Carlo methods are used to simulate physical and mathematical systems and to estimate the probability distribution of the different outcomes. The method is based on random sampling and statistical analysis of the outputs to form an empirical estimate of the probability of the given outcome. Monte Carlo methods have become popular in fields such as finance, economics, and computer vision due to their ability to accurately simulate real-world systems and predict the probability of a given outcome.