How does the insanity defense work in criminal law?

Insanity Defense in Criminal Law: The insanity defense is a legal strategy used in criminal trials where the defendant claims they were not responsible for their actions due to a mental illness or defect at the time of the crime. This defense hinges on the argument that the defendant lacked the mental capacity to understand the nature or consequences of their actions.

Criteria for proving insanity: To successfully use the insanity defense, the defendant must prove they were not able to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the offense. This is typically assessed through psychiatric evaluations and expert testimony.

Impact on legal proceedings: If the insanity defense is successful, the defendant may be acquitted or found guilty but mentally ill, leading to psychiatric treatment instead of incarceration. However, the criteria and standards for proving insanity vary by jurisdiction.

Case Examples: Notable cases involving the insanity defense include the John Hinckley Jr. case, who attempted to assassinate President Reagan, and Andrea Yates, who drowned her children in a bathtub. Both cases highlighted the complex interplay between mental health, legal responsibility, and criminal law.