What were the primary features of medieval European infrastructure and engineering?

Medieval Europe was characterized by impressive engineering feats and infrastructure that have left a lasting impact on the landscape of the continent. Some of the primary features of medieval European infrastructure and engineering include:

Medieval Castles

Medieval castles were formidable fortresses built primarily for defense. They featured thick stone walls, towers, and sometimes moats. Castles were strategically positioned to provide a vantage point for monitoring the surrounding area and protecting against invaders.

Medieval Cathedrals

Medieval cathedrals were towering religious structures that showcased the architectural and engineering prowess of the time. They featured intricate stained glass windows, ornate sculptures, and towering spires that reached towards the heavens.

Medieval Bridges

Medieval bridges were crucial for connecting towns and cities across rivers and ravines. They were often constructed from stone and featured arches for support. Some medieval bridges, like the Pont du Gard in France, still stand today as a testament to medieval engineering skills.

Medieval City Walls

Medieval city walls were built to protect towns and cities from external threats. They were often constructed with thick stone walls, towers, and gates. City walls served as a physical barrier and a symbol of the strength and unity of the community.

Overall, medieval European infrastructure and engineering were remarkable for their durability, functionality, and beauty. They reflect the innovative engineering techniques and architectural styles of the medieval period that continue to inspire awe and admiration today.