Urbanization is a process of migration from rural areas to cities whereby cities become increasingly populated and industrialized. This process began in the early 19th century in the Western world and has since become a global phenomenon. This shift toward urbanization is largely due to advances in technology, allowing people access to new opportunities in cities with commerce, education, and increased wages. Urbanization has resulted in wide-reaching economic, social, and environmental impacts, primarily centered around the strain on resources in rapidly expanding cities. Urbanization has brought with it a variety of challenges and potential solutions, such as improved infrastructure, access to clean water, waste management, and urban planning.