How did the philosophy of Immanuel Kant address the nature of morality?

Immanuel Kant, a key figure in modern philosophy, proposed a unique perspective on the nature of morality. Kantian ethics, his ethical framework, revolves around ideas of duty, autonomy, and the categorical imperative.

1. Duty

According to Kant, morality is grounded in the concept of duty. He believed that actions are morally praiseworthy only if they are done out of a sense of duty, rather than personal inclination or desire. Individuals must follow their moral obligations, which are derived from rational principles, regardless of the outcomes or consequences.

2. Autonomy

Kant emphasized the importance of autonomy in moral decision-making. Autonomy, in his view, is the ability to act according to self-imposed moral laws. He argued that true moral worth comes from individuals freely choosing to follow these universal moral principles, independent of external influences.

3. Categorical Imperative

Central to Kantian ethics is the concept of the categorical imperative, a universal moral law that commands us to act only in ways that we could will to become universal laws. This principle serves as a guide for determining the moral permissibility of actions, emphasizing the inherent value of each individual and the importance of acting with respect for their autonomy.

In conclusion, Immanuel Kant's philosophy addressed the nature of morality through an emphasis on duty, autonomy, and the categorical imperative, offering a rational and principled approach to ethical decision-making.