How did ancient civilizations view the cosmos?

Ancient civilizations such as the Greeks, Egyptians, and Mesopotamians had diverse beliefs and mythologies regarding the cosmos, shaping their understanding of the universe.

Greeks:

The Greeks perceived the cosmos as a structured and harmonious system, with celestial bodies moving in predictable patterns. They believed in a geocentric universe, with Earth at the center and celestial spheres surrounding it. Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Ptolemy laid the groundwork for astronomy, emphasizing the importance of observation and measurement.

Egyptians:

The Egyptians viewed the cosmos as a reflection of their religious beliefs. They associated celestial bodies with their gods and believed in the concept of Ma'at, the cosmic order that governed the universe. The alignment of pyramids with the stars and the development of a solar calendar demonstrate their deep connection to the cosmos.

Mesopotamians:

Mesopotamians were avid astronomers, tracking celestial events and developing complex systems of divination based on the movements of planets and stars. They viewed the cosmos as a place of divine significance, where gods and humans interacted. The Enuma Elish, a Mesopotamian creation myth, depicts the cosmos as a battleground between primordial forces.

In conclusion, ancient civilizations viewed the cosmos through a combination of astronomical observations, religious beliefs, and mythological narratives. Their perspectives on the stars, planets, and celestial bodies reflected their unique cultural and philosophical views, enriching our understanding of ancient cosmology.