What causes tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which primarily affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body. The disease is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing droplets containing the bacteria. People nearby can then inhale these droplets and become infected.

Transmission of tuberculosis

The transmission of tuberculosis usually occurs after prolonged exposure to an infected person. Overcrowded and poorly ventilated environments increase the risk of transmission as the bacteria can linger in the air for longer periods.

TB risk factors and susceptibility

Factors that increase susceptibility to tuberculosis include a weakened immune system, malnutrition, smoking, and underlying medical conditions such as HIV. Certain populations are at a higher risk, including individuals living in poverty, healthcare workers, and those in close contact with infected individuals.

Prevention and treatment

Prevention strategies for tuberculosis include early diagnosis, prompt treatment with antibiotics, vaccination with the BCG vaccine, and infection control measures to reduce transmission. It is important to adhere to treatment regimens to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria.