How does AIDS affect the immune system?

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system. HIV targets CD4 cells, which are crucial for coordinating the immune response against infections. As HIV replicates and destroys these CD4 cells, the immune system becomes significantly weakened, leading to immune deficiency.

Effects of AIDS on the immune system

As the immune system becomes compromised, individuals with AIDS become more susceptible to various infections and diseases. The viral load, which measures the amount of HIV in the body, increases, further damaging the immune system.

Complications and risks

Without treatment, AIDS can progress to severe stages where the body is unable to fight off opportunistic infections. These infections are typically harmless in individuals with a healthy immune system but can be life-threatening for those with AIDS. Complications may include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and certain types of cancer.

Managing AIDS and immune system health

Early diagnosis and proper treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are crucial in managing AIDS. ART helps to control the viral load, preserve CD4 cells, and strengthen the immune system. It is essential for individuals with AIDS to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate rest, to support immune system health.